Sherlock and Squares

Watson likes to challenge Sherlock's math ability. He will provide a starting and ending value describing a range of integers. Sherlock must determine the number of square integers within that range, inclusive of the endpoints.

Note: A square integer is an integer which is the square of an integer, e.g. .

For example, the range is  and , inclusive. There are three square integers in the range:  and .

Function Description

Complete the squares function in the editor below. It should return an integer representing the number of square integers in the inclusive range from  to .

squares has the following parameter(s):

• a: an integer, the lower range boundary
• b: an integer, the uppere range boundary

Input Format

The first line contains , the number of test cases.
Each of the next  lines contains two space-separated integers denoting  and , the starting and ending integers in the ranges.

Constraints

Output Format

For each test case, print the number of square integers in the range on a new line.

Sample Input

2
3 9
17 24

Sample Output

2
0

Explanation

Test Case #00: In range ,  and  are the two square integers.
Test Case #01: In range , there are no square integers.

php

<?php

// Complete the squares function below.

function squares($a, $b) {

return floor(sqrt($b)) - ceil(sqrt($a)) + 1;

}

$fptr = fopen(getenv("OUTPUT_PATH"), "w");

$stdin = fopen("php://stdin", "r");

fscanf($stdin, "%d\n", $q);

for ($q_itr = 0; $q_itr < $q; $q_itr++) {

fscanf($stdin, "%[^\n]", $ab_temp);

$ab = explode(' ', $ab_temp);

$a = intval($ab[0]);

$b = intval($ab[1]);

$result = squares($a, $b);

fwrite($fptr, $result . "\n");

}

fclose($stdin);

fclose($fptr);